Allele	Gene	Dominant	Recessive	Punnett Square
One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color.	A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait.	The expressed form of a trait.	The trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present.	A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross.

Genotype	Phenotype	Homozygous	Heterozygous	DNA
The combination of genes for one or more specific traits.	An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism’s genotype and the environment.	Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes.	Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait.	Deoxyribonucleic acid, a material that contains information for cell activities and determines inherited characteristics.

DNA Replication	Mutation	Gamete	Zygote	Chromosome
The process of making a copy of DNA.	A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule	A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote.	The cell that results from the fusion of gametes; a fertilized egg.	In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.