Allele	Gene	Dominant	Recessive	Punnett Square
One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color.	A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait.	The expressed form of a trait.	The trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present.	A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross.

Genotype	Phenotype	Homozygous	Heterozygous	DNA
The combination of genes for one or more specific traits.	An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism’s genotype and the environment.	Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes.	Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait.	Deoxyribonucleic acid, a material that contains information for cell activities and determines inherited characteristics.

Cytosine	Guanine	Adenine	Thymine	Double helix
A nitrogen-containing base, a component of DNA and RNA that always bonds with guanine	A nitrogen-containing base, a component of DNA and RNA that always bonds with cytosine	A nitrogen-containing base, a component of DNA and RNA that bonds with thymine	A nitrogen-containing base, a component of DNA only that bonds with adenine	The spiral staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule

RNA	Amino acid	Transcription	Translation	Uracil
Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that stores and transfers information that is needed for the manufacturing of proteins	Any one of 20 different organic molecules that combine to form proteins	The process of making RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template	The process of making a protein at a ribosome by using codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in protein the chain	A nitrogen-containing base, a component of RNA only that bonds with adenine